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Italian Fascism
Italian Fascism ((イタリア語:Fascismo Italiano)), also known simply as Fascism ((イタリア語:Fascismo)), is the original fascist ideology, as developed in Italy. The ideology is associated with the National Fascist Party, which under Benito Mussolini ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 until 1943, the Republican Fascist Party that ruled the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945, the post-war Italian Social Movement and subsequent Italian neo-fascist movements.
Italian Fascism was rooted in Italian nationalism and the desire to restore and expand Italian territories, which Italian Fascists deemed necessary for a nation to assert its superiority and strength and to avoid succumbing to decay.〔Aristotle A. Kallis. ''Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945''. London, England, UK; New York City, USA: Routledge, 2000. Pp. 41.〕 Italian Fascists claimed that modern Italy is the heir to ancient Rome and its legacy, and historically supported the creation of an Italian Empire to provide ''spazio vitale'' ("living space") for colonization by Italian settlers and to establish control over the Mediterranean Sea.〔Aristotle A. Kallis. ''Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945''. London, England, UK; New York City, USA: Routledge, 2000. Pp. 50.〕
Italian Fascism promoted a corporatist economic system whereby employer and employee syndicates are linked together in associations to collectively represent the nation's economic producers and work alongside the state to set national economic policy.〔Andrew Vincent. ''Modern Political Ideologies''. Third edition. Malden, Massaschussetts, USA; Oxford, England, UK; West Sussex, England, UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 2010. Pp. 160.〕 This economic system intended to resolve class conflict through collaboration between the classes.〔John Whittam. ''Fascist Italy''. Manchester, England, UK; New York City, USA: Manchester University Press, 1995. Pp. 160.〕
Italian Fascism opposed liberalism, but rather than seeking a reactionary restoration of the pre-French Revolutionary world, which it considered to have been flawed, it had a forward-looking direction.〔Eugen Weber. The Western Tradition: From the Renaissance to the present. Heath, 1972. Pp. 791.〕 It was opposed to Marxist socialism because of its typical opposition to nationalism,〔Stanislao G. Pugliese. Fascism, anti-fascism, and the resistance in Italy: 1919 to the present. Oxford, England, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004. pp. 43–44.〕 but was also opposed to the reactionary conservatism developed by Joseph de Maistre.〔Stanley G.Payne. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–45''. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. Pp. 214.〕 It believed the success of Italian nationalism required respect for tradition and a clear sense of a shared past among the Italian people alongside a commitment to a modernized Italy.〔Claudia Lazzaro, Roger J. Crum. "Forging a Visible Fascist Nation: Strategies for Fusing the Past and Present" by Claudia Lazzaro, ''Donatello Among The Blackshirts: History And Modernity In The Visual Culture Of Fascist Italy''. Ithaca, New York, USA: Cornell University Press, 2005. Pp. 13.〕
==Tenets==
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